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The Odia calendar ( Pāñji) is a solar calendar used by the Odia people from the Odisha region of the Indian subcontinent. The calendar follows the Sidereal year solar cycle while using the lunar Purnimanta phase for the religious dates. The New Year in the Odia calendar is known as Maha Bishuba Sankranti or Pana Sankranti. It occurs on the first day of the traditional solar month of Meṣa (Georgian: Aries), hence equivalent lunar month Vaisakha (odia: ବୈଶାଖ). The Odia calendar follows the Utkaliya era, which began on Bhādra śukla dvādaśī from 592 CE.
The Utkaliya era ( Utkaḷiya) for the Odia calendar began on 592 CE on Bhādra sukḷa dvādasi (the 12th day of the full moon fortnight of the Bhādra month). Bhādra sukla dvādasi is considered to be the birthday of the legendary king Indradyumna who set up the icon of Lord Jagannath (Neela Madhava) at Puri. The epoch seems to correspond to the reign of the legendary early Somavamshis (Kesaris) as per the chronicle Madala Panji, thus implying the era was instituted by King Yayati I of the Somavamshi dynasty.
Thus the Era calendar new year falls on the 12th day of the full moon fortnight or the waxing moon lunar phase of the Bhādra month in September. This day is termed as the Odia financial New Year and is known as the festival of Sunia ( suniā̃) which denotes the start of the beginning of the new financial calendar year for the collection of revenue, publishing of almanacs and the palm-leaf horoscopes carrying the reigning year of the Gajapati King. Post-1947, it has been reduced as a ceremonial day and is mostly used in the Panji calendars to denote the change of Odia calendar year for records and horoscopes.
| + New Year Date ! New Year !! Odia month !! Gregorian !! Cycle |
| 2022 CE |
Features:
| + Timeline of actual Regnal year and Anka year (shown till regnal year 30) ! Regnal year | 1|| 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || 16 || 17 || 18 || 19 || 20 || 21 || 22 || 23 || 24 || 25 || 26 || 27 || 28 || 29 | 30 |
| + Regnal & Anka year of Gajapati king of Puri (titular reign since 7 July 1970) ! Gregorian year | Anka year |
| ୬୫ ଅଙ୍କ 65 Aṅka |
The modern Odia calendar begins with the scientific reforms initiated by the astronomer Pathani Samanta. His findings which included astronomical observations with the help of traditional instruments were recorded in his treatise Siddhanta Darpana written on palm-leaf manuscript in 1869 and eventually published in 1899. These observations were instrumental in the preparation of almanacs in Odisha especially by the astrologers of the Jagannath temple at Puri. The prominent Panjis of this tradition include:
Other notable Odia Panji calendars include Kohinoor Panji, Biraja Panji(Nanda), Radharaman Panji(based on Puri tradition Panjis), Bhagyadeepa Panji, Bhagyajyoti Panji, Bhagyachakra Panji.
| April–May |
| May–June |
| June–July |
| July–August |
| August–September |
| September–October |
| October–November |
| November–December |
| December–January |
| January–February |
| February–March |
| March–April |
| Sunday |
| Monday |
| Tuesday |
| Wednesday |
| Thursday |
| Friday |
| Saturday |
| April–June |
| June–August |
| August–October |
| October–December |
| December–February |
| February–April |
| 12 hours |
| 12 hours |
| 24 hours |
| 7 days |
| 15 days |
| 365 days |
| 12 months |
| + Lunar week |
| 15 days |
| 15 days |
| 1 | ପ୍ରତିପଦ pratipada | Waxing Crescent | ପ୍ରତିପଦ pratipada | Waning Gibbous |
| 2 | ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟା dwitīyā | ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟା dwitīyā | ||
| 3 | ତୃତୀୟା trutīyā | ତୃତୀୟା trutīyā | ||
| 4 | ଚତୁର୍ଥୀ caturthī | ଚତୁର୍ଥୀ caturthī | ||
| 5 | ପଞ୍ଚମୀ pañcamī | ପଞ୍ଚମୀ pañcamī | ||
| 6 | ଷଷ୍ଠୀ ṣaṣṭhī | ଷଷ୍ଠୀ ṣaṣṭhī | ||
| 7 | ସପ୍ତମୀ saptamī | First Quarter | ସପ୍ତମୀ saptamī | Last Quarter |
| 8 | ଅଷ୍ଟମୀ aṣṭamī | ଅଷ୍ଟମୀ aṣṭamī | ||
| 9 | ନବମୀ nabamī | Waning Crescent | ନବମୀ nabamī | Waxing Gibbous |
| 10 | ଦଶମୀ daśamī | ଦଶମୀ daśamī | ||
| 11 | ଏକାଦଶୀ ekādaśī | ଏକାଦଶୀ ekādaśī | ||
| 12 | ଦ୍ୱାଦଶୀ dwādaśī | ଦ୍ୱାଦଶୀ dwādaśī | ||
| 13 | ତ୍ରୟୋଦଶୀ trayodaśī | ତ୍ରୟୋଦଶୀ trayodaśī | ||
| 14 | ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶୀ caturddaśī | ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶୀ caturddaśī | ||
| 15 | ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣିମା pūrṇṇima | Full Moon | ଅମାବାସ୍ୟା amābāsyā | New Moon |
| Maha Bishuba Sankranti (Pana Sankranti) |
| Buddha Purnima, Akshaya Tritiya, Sabitri Brata, Sitalsasthi |
| Raja Parba, Ratha Jatra |
| Gamha Purnima (Raksha Bandhan) |
| Krishna Janmashtami, Ganesh Chaturthi, Nuakhai, Sunia |
| Vishwakarma Puja, Pitri Paksha, Durga Puja, Vijayadashami, Sharad Purnima |
| Kali Puja, Diwali, Jagaddhatri Puja, Boita Bandana, Bali Jatra |
| Prathamastami, Manabasa Gurubara |
| Dhanu jatra, Samba Dashami, Pousha Purnima |
| Makar Sankranti, Vasant Panchami |
| Maha Shivaratri |
| Holi (Dol Purnima), Odisha Day |
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